add unit tested GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_SGD to ggml - avoids allocating
m, v tensors.
support finetune.cpp arg -opt SGD (or sgd). (default adamw as before)
llama 3.2-1b-F32 result: observed 11gb gpu ram (41 sec/epoch)
when using SGD instead of 19gb (55 sec/epoch) using adamw.
(wikipedia 100 lines finetune)
(
using the same GPU memory, adamw can only do before OOM 512
batch/context, reaching:
train: [███████▉] data=0000140/0000140 loss=0.02575±0.00099 acc=99.52±0.03% t=00:00:47 ETA=00:00:00
val: [███████▉] data=0000008/0000008 loss=4.76565±0.28810 acc=41.46±0.77% t=00:00:00 ETA=00:00:00
SGD is superior, though it converges slower, with max before OOM 1728
batch/context (esp see the better validation perf):
train: [███████▉] data=0000039/0000039 loss=0.00371±0.00010 acc=99.96±0.01% t=00:00:41 ETA=00:00:00
val: [███████▉] data=0000003/0000003 loss=5.11406±0.76034 acc=48.01±0.69% t=00:00:01 ETA=00:00:00
)
note: when finetuning long enough (or w/ enough -lr),
validation accuracy *eventually* drops ('catastrophic forgetting')
-lr-half (halflife) option useful for SGD to avoid oscillation or
super slow underdamped learning (makes setting -lr more forgiving).
terminal -lr for now is set by lr-halvings i.e. if you want at most
1/8 the inital -lr you set -lr-halvings 3.
note: objective loss not directly comparable between adamw, sgd? -
check perplexity or accuracy or consider relative improvements
for convergence
new finetune args -wd 1e-9 to enable weight decay in sgd or adamw,
and max -epochs N (default 2 as before)
cache (1 - wd*alpha) in 'adamw' opt struct -
no noticeable perf benefit, disabled (still done
for new SGD though)
since opt. memory is pre-allocated, the ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params
would probably be able to change between SGD and AdamW with each epoch
but would need to use adamw for the first (unconfirmed - no cmdline arg
to set such a policy yet)
test-opt checks adamw as before and now sgd (except for a few disabled
tests for sgd only; probably just needs logging values and adding
alternate reference values); tolerance on the 'regression'
test is broader for sgd (so we don't need many more epochs)
* Vulkan: Implement GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD
* tests: Fix OPT_STEP_SGD test-backend-ops
* SGD op param store weight-decay and not 1-alpha*wd
* minor + cosmetic changes
* fix vulkan sgd
* try CI fix
---------
Co-authored-by: 0cc4m <redacted> Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <redacted>
Oliver Simons [Wed, 13 Aug 2025 08:04:46 +0000 (10:04 +0200)]
CUDA: Optimize `reduce_rows_f32` kernel, leading up to 25x perf improvement on kernel-level and 10% perf increase for Gemma3n (llama/15132)
* Factor out `reduce_rows_f32` from common.cuh
This increases iteration cycle speed by not having to recompile
every kernel all the time
* Hide memory-latency by loop unrolling in reduce_rows_f32
* Further optimizations to `reduce_rows_f32`
1. Increase threadblock size to better hide latency of memory requests.
As a consequence of bigger threadblocks, do 2-step summation, using
shared memory to communicate results between invocations
2. Use sum_temp array to reduce waits on sum
3. Adjust num_unroll to reflext bigger threadblock
4. Improve default block_dims, increase support for more block_dims
* Add perf tests for `reduce_rows_f32` kernel
* Add heuristic to toggle 128/512 threads based on sm count
Break even point was the minimum of the following multiples.
| GPU Model | Nrow SM Count Multiple |
| ----------- | ----------- |
| RTX 4000 SFF ADA | 2.0x |
| RTX 6000 ADA | 2.5x |
| RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q | 3.04x |
| RTX PRO 4500 Blackwell | 3.15x |
* Ensure perf gains also for small ncols and large nrows
Alternative to this, one could have also made the number of unrollings
template-able, but that would require compiling the kernel multiple
times, increasing binary size unnecessarily
* Modify perf and unit-tests
* Apply auto-formatting by clang
* Fix CI build failure
See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/runs/16798370266/job/47573716079?pr=15132#step:7:486
Building with VS generator worked though.
* Remove sm_count property from `ggml_backend_cuda_context`
Requested by @JohannesGaessler, and should fix remaining CI issues as a
side-effect
* Add CUB-based implementation for GGML_OP_MEAN
Currently this branch is only executed for nrows==1
* Add heuristics to execute CUB branch only when it brings perf
Heuristics were determined on the following HW:
* RTX 4000 SFF ADA
* RTX 6000 ADA
* RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q
* RTX PRO 4500 Blackwell
* Add unit-test for CUB-based mean
Tests should run with CUDA Graphs enabled per default on NVGPUs
* Rename `USE_CUB` to `GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB`
Suggested by @JohannesGaessler
* Unindent Preprocessor directives
See
https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15132#discussion_r2269213506
Chenguang Li [Wed, 6 Aug 2025 06:12:42 +0000 (14:12 +0800)]
CANN: add support for ACL Graph (llama/15065)
* feat(cann): add optional support for ACL Graph execution
This commit adds support for executing ggml computational graphs using
Huawei's ACL graph mode via the USE_CANN_GRAPH flag. The support can be
enabled at compile time using the CMake option:
-DUSE_CANN_GRAPH=ON
By default, ACL graph execution is **disabled**, and the fallback path
uses node-by-node execution.
Key additions:
- CMake option to toggle graph mode
- Graph capture and execution logic using
- Tensor property matching to determine whether graph update is required
- Safe fallback and logging if the environment variable LLAMA_SET_ROWS
is unset or invalid
This prepares the backend for performance improvements in repetitive graph
execution scenarios on Ascend devices.
- Increase tile size for k-quants, to match non-k-quants
- Choose more carefully between large and medium tiles, considering how it
interacts with split_k
- Allow larger/non-power of two split_k, and make the splits a multiple of 256
- Use split_k==3 to when >1/2 and <=2/3 of the SMs would hae been used
Jeff Bolz [Sat, 2 Aug 2025 07:57:04 +0000 (02:57 -0500)]
vulkan: optimizations for direct convolution (llama/14933)
* vulkan: optimizations for direct convolution
- Empirically choose a better tile size. Reducing BS_K/BS_NPQ helps fill
the GPU. The new size should be amenable to using coopmat, too.
- Fix shmem bank conflicts. 16B padding should work with coopmat.
- Some explicit loop unrolling.
- Skip math/stores work for parts of the tile that are OOB.
- Apply fastdiv opt.
- Disable shuffles for NV.
* Three tiles sizes for CONV_2D, and a heuristic to choose
* reallow collectives for pre-Turing
* make SHMEM_PAD a spec constant
* fixes for intel perf - no shmem padding, placeholder shader core count
HIP: add GGML_HIP_MMQ_MFMA option to allow disableing the MFMA path. (llama/14930)
This is useful for testing for regressions on GCN with CDNA hardware.
With GGML_HIP_MMQ_MFMA=Off and GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ=On we can conveniently test the GCN code path on CDNA. As CDNA is just GCN renamed with MFMA added and limited use ACC registers, this provides a good alternative for regression testing when GCN hardware is not available.
HIP: Ignore unsupported unroll transformation in fattn-vec (llama/14931)
llvm with the amdgcn target dose not support unrolling loops with conditional break statements, when those statements can not be resolved at compile time. Similar to other places in GGML lets simply ignore this warning.
Leonard Mosescu [Mon, 28 Jul 2025 16:04:27 +0000 (09:04 -0700)]
test-backend-ops : extend test case filtering (llama/14865)
* Extend test case filtering
1. Allow passing multiple (comma-separated?) ops to test-backend-ops. This can be convenient when working on a set of ops, when you'd want to test them together (but without having to run every single op). For example:
`test-backend-ops.exe test -o "ADD,RMS_NORM,ROPE,SILU,SOFT_MAX"`
2. Support full test-case variation string in addition to basic op names. This would make it easy to select a single variation, either for testing or for benchmarking. It can be particularly useful for profiling a particular variation (ex. a CUDA kernel), for example:
These two can be combined. As the current `-o`, this change doesn't try to detect/report an error if an filter doesn't name existing ops (ex. misspelled)
SYCL: Add set_rows support for quantized types (llama/14883)
* SYCL: Add set_rows support for quantized types
This commit adds support for GGML_OP_SET_ROWS operation for various
quantized tensor types (Q8_0, Q5_1, Q5_0, Q4_1, Q4_0, IQ4_NL) and BF16
type in the SYCL backend.
The quantization/dequantization copy kernels were moved from cpy.cpp
to cpy.hpp to make them available for set_rows.cpp.
This addresses part of the TODOs mentioned in the code.
* Use get_global_linear_id() instead
ggml-ci
* Fix formatting
ggml-ci
* Use const for ne11 and size_t variables in set_rows_sycl_q
Kai Pastor [Wed, 30 Jul 2025 12:52:26 +0000 (14:52 +0200)]
vulkan : fix 32-bit builds (#1313)
The pipeline member can be cast to VkPipeline.
This is a VkPipeline_T* on 64 bit but a uint64_t on 32 bit.
Cf. VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE documentation.
HIP: Enable Matrix cores for MMQ Kernels, Enable stream-K for CDNA 3 (llama/14624)
This commit adds support for MFMA instructions to MMQ. CDNA1/GFX908 CDNA2/GFX90a and CDNA3/GFX942 are supported by the MFMA-enabled code path added by this commit. The code path and stream-k is only enabled on CDNA3 for now as it fails to outperform blas in all cases on the other devices.
Blas is currently only consistently outperformed on CDNA3 due to issues in the amd-provided blas libraries.
This commit also improves the awareness of MMQ towards different warp sizes and as a side effect improves the performance of all quant formats besides q4_0 and q4_1, which regress slightly, on GCN gpus.
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