Improve cuBLAS performance by using a memory pool (#1094)

* Improve cuBLAS performance by using a memory pool

* Move cuda specific definitions to ggml-cuda.h/cu

* Add CXX flags to nvcc

* Change memory pool synchronization mechanism to a spin lock
General code cleanup

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index f267d086415eec490bd052f5f1d3876585c8bba0..3b48eec9906e4a5ddc9bd37c81d788ad87812b28 100644 (file)
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -101,11 +101,13 @@ ifdef LLAMA_OPENBLAS
        LDFLAGS += -lopenblas
 endif
 ifdef LLAMA_CUBLAS
-       CFLAGS  += -DGGML_USE_CUBLAS -I/usr/local/cuda/include
-       LDFLAGS += -lcublas -lculibos -lcudart -lcublasLt -lpthread -ldl -lrt -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64
-       OBJS    += ggml-cuda.o
+       CFLAGS    += -DGGML_USE_CUBLAS -I/usr/local/cuda/include
+       LDFLAGS   += -lcublas -lculibos -lcudart -lcublasLt -lpthread -ldl -lrt -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64
+       OBJS      += ggml-cuda.o
+       NVCC      = nvcc
+       NVCCFLAGS = --forward-unknown-to-host-linker -arch=native
 ggml-cuda.o: ggml-cuda.cu ggml-cuda.h
-       nvcc -arch=native -c -o $@ $<
+       $(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 endif
 ifdef LLAMA_GPROF
        CFLAGS   += -pg

diff --git a/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml-cuda.cu
index 0baa989a36ca917eac3cea2c021255a7e68f5911..fa511c1dc5d3d91fef02817324277b286437943a 100644 (file)
--- a/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <cuda_fp16.h>
+#include <atomic>
 #include "ggml-cuda.h"
 
 typedef uint16_t ggml_fp16_t;
@@ -29,14 +31,12 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_2) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_2 / 2, "wrong q4_2
 
 #define QK4_3 16
 typedef struct {
-    __half  d;         // delta
-    __half  m;         // min
-    uint8_t qs[QK4_3 / 2]; // nibbles / quants
+    __half  d;              // delta
+    __half  m;              // min
+    uint8_t qs[QK4_3 / 2];  // nibbles / quants
 } block_q4_3;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_3) == 2 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_3 / 2, "wrong q4_3 block size/padding");
 
-
-
 static __global__ void dequantize_block_q4_0(const void * vx, float * y) {
     const block_q4_0 * x = (const block_q4_0 *) vx;
 
@@ -131,24 +131,98 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q4_3(const void * vx, float * y) {
     }
 }
 
-extern "C" {
-    __host__ void dequantize_row_q4_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-        const int nb = k / QK4_0;
-        dequantize_block_q4_0<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
-    }
+void dequantize_row_q4_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int nb = k / QK4_0;
+    dequantize_block_q4_0<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+}
+
+void dequantize_row_q4_1_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int nb = k / QK4_1;
+    dequantize_block_q4_1<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+}
+
+void dequantize_row_q4_2_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int nb = k / QK4_2;
+    dequantize_block_q4_2<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+}
+
+void dequantize_row_q4_3_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int nb = k / QK4_3;
+    dequantize_block_q4_3<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+}
 
-    __host__ void dequantize_row_q4_1_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-        const int nb = k / QK4_1;
-        dequantize_block_q4_1<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+// buffer pool for cuda
+#define MAX_CUDA_BUFFERS 16
+
+struct scoped_spin_lock {
+    std::atomic_flag& lock;
+    scoped_spin_lock(std::atomic_flag& lock) : lock(lock) {
+        while (lock.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
+            ; // spin
+        }
+    }
+    ~scoped_spin_lock() {
+        lock.clear(std::memory_order_release);
+    }
+    scoped_spin_lock(const scoped_spin_lock&) = delete;
+    scoped_spin_lock& operator=(const scoped_spin_lock&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct cuda_buffer {
+    void * ptr = nullptr;
+    size_t size = 0;
+};
+
+static cuda_buffer g_cuda_buffer_pool[MAX_CUDA_BUFFERS];
+static std::atomic_flag g_cuda_pool_lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
+
+void * ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) {
+    scoped_spin_lock lock(g_cuda_pool_lock);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CUDA_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+        cuda_buffer& b = g_cuda_buffer_pool[i];
+        if (b.size >= size && b.ptr != nullptr) {
+            void * ptr = b.ptr;
+            *actual_size = b.size;
+            b.ptr = nullptr;
+            b.size = 0;
+            return ptr;
+        }
     }
+    void * ptr;
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **) &ptr, size));
+    *actual_size = size;
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_pool_free(void * ptr, size_t size) {
+    scoped_spin_lock lock(g_cuda_pool_lock);
 
-    __host__ void dequantize_row_q4_2_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-        const int nb = k / QK4_2;
-        dequantize_block_q4_2<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CUDA_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+        cuda_buffer& b = g_cuda_buffer_pool[i];
+        if (b.ptr == nullptr) {
+            b.ptr = ptr;
+            b.size = size;
+            return;
+        }
     }
+    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: cuda buffer pool full, increase MAX_CUDA_BUFFERS\n");
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(ptr));
+}
+
+cublasHandle_t g_cublasH = NULL;
+cudaStream_t g_cudaStream = NULL;
+
+void ggml_init_cublas(void) {
+    if (g_cublasH == NULL) {
+        // create cublas handle, bind a stream
+        CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasCreate(&g_cublasH));
+
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamCreateWithFlags(&g_cudaStream, cudaStreamNonBlocking));
+
+        CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(g_cublasH, g_cudaStream));
 
-    __host__ void dequantize_row_q4_3_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-        const int nb = k / QK4_3;
-        dequantize_block_q4_3<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+        // configure logging to stdout
+        // CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasLoggerConfigure(1, 1, 0, NULL));
     }
 }

diff --git a/ggml-cuda.h b/ggml-cuda.h
index be140606aa2d456514edde044b66796b74d92abf..370bbc75f5f76c6cd43749692abc572c27bdc93e 100644 (file)
--- a/ggml-cuda.h
+++ b/ggml-cuda.h
@@ -1,7 +1,36 @@
+#include <cublas_v2.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+
 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+#define CUDA_CHECK(err)                                                                 \
+    do {                                                                                \
+        cudaError_t err_ = (err);                                                       \
+        if (err_ != cudaSuccess) {                                                      \
+            fprintf(stderr, "CUDA error %d at %s:%d: %s\n", err_, __FILE__, __LINE__,   \
+                cudaGetErrorString(err_));                                              \
+            exit(1);                                                                    \
+        }                                                                               \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define CUBLAS_CHECK(err)                                                               \
+    do {                                                                                \
+        cublasStatus_t err_ = (err);                                                    \
+        if (err_ != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS) {                                            \
+            fprintf(stderr, "cuBLAS error %d at %s:%d\n", err_, __FILE__, __LINE__);    \
+            exit(1);                                                                    \
+        }                                                                               \
+    } while (0)
+
+extern cublasHandle_t g_cublasH;
+extern cudaStream_t   g_cudaStream;
+
+void   ggml_init_cublas(void);
+void * ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size);
+void   ggml_cuda_pool_free(void * ptr, size_t size);
+
 void dequantize_row_q4_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
 void dequantize_row_q4_1_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
 void dequantize_row_q4_2_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);

diff --git a/ggml.c b/ggml.c
index 6cea937c8d735bbeedf0538af98611d547b1919e..2ea4e68fd36b9406cd456817409cf9c5c143381a 100644 (file)
--- a/ggml.c
+++ b/ggml.c
@@ -148,44 +148,7 @@ inline static void* ggml_aligned_malloc(size_t size) {
 #elif defined(GGML_USE_OPENBLAS)
 #include <cblas.h>
 #elif defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-#include <cublas_v2.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
 #include "ggml-cuda.h"
-
-#define CUDA_CHECK(err)                                                        \
-    do {                                                                       \
-        cudaError_t err_ = (err);                                              \
-        if (err_ != cudaSuccess) {                                             \
-            printf("CUDA error %d at %s:%d: %s\n", err_, __FILE__, __LINE__,   \
-                cudaGetErrorString(err_));                                     \
-            exit(1);                                                           \
-        }                                                                      \
-    } while (0)
-
-#define CUBLAS_CHECK(err)                                                      \
-    do {                                                                       \
-        cublasStatus_t err_ = (err);                                           \
-        if (err_ != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS) {                                   \
-            printf("cuBLAS error %d at %s:%d\n", err_, __FILE__, __LINE__);    \
-            exit(1);                                                           \
-        }                                                                      \
-    } while (0)
-
-static cublasHandle_t cublasH = NULL;
-static cudaStream_t cudaStream = NULL;
-static void init_cublas(void) {
-    if (cublasH == NULL) {
-        // create cublas handle, bind a stream
-        CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasCreate(&cublasH));
-
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamCreateWithFlags(&cudaStream, cudaStreamNonBlocking));
-
-        CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(cublasH, cudaStream));
-
-        // configure logging to stdout
-        // CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasLoggerConfigure(1, 1, 0, NULL));
-    }
-}
 #endif
 
 #undef MIN
@@ -3748,7 +3711,7 @@ struct ggml_context * ggml_init(struct ggml_init_params params) {
 
         // initialize cuBLAS
         #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-        init_cublas();
+        ggml_init_cublas();
         #endif
 
         is_first_call = false;
@@ -7594,18 +7557,16 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f32(
         }
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-        float *d_X = NULL;
-        float *d_Y = NULL;
-        float *d_D = NULL;
         const float alpha = 1.0f;
         const float beta = 0.0f;
         const int x_ne = ne01 * ne10;
         const int y_ne = ne11 * ne10;
         const int d_ne = ne11 * ne01;
 
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_X), sizeof(float) * x_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_Y), sizeof(float) * y_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_D), sizeof(float) * d_ne));
+        size_t x_size, y_size, d_size;
+        float *d_X = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * x_ne, &x_size);
+        float *d_Y = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * y_ne, &y_size);
+        float *d_D = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * d_ne, &d_size);
 #endif
 
         for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
@@ -7617,19 +7578,19 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f32(
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
                 // copy data to device
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_X, x, sizeof(float) * x_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, cudaStream));
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Y, y, sizeof(float) * y_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_X, x, sizeof(float) * x_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, g_cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Y, y, sizeof(float) * y_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, g_cudaStream));
 
                 // compute
                 CUBLAS_CHECK(
-                    cublasSgemm(cublasH, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                    cublasSgemm(g_cublasH, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                             ne01, ne11, ne10,
                             &alpha, d_X, ne00,
                                     d_Y, ne10,
                             &beta,  d_D, ne01));
 
                 // copy data to host
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d, d_D, sizeof(float) * d_ne, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d, d_D, sizeof(float) * d_ne, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, g_cudaStream));
 #else
                 // zT = y * xT
                 cblas_sgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans,
@@ -7641,10 +7602,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f32(
             }
         }
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(cudaStream));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_X));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_Y));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_D));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(g_cudaStream));
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_X, x_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_Y, y_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_D, d_size);
 #endif
         //printf("CBLAS F32 = %f ms, %d x %d x %d x %d\n", (ggml_perf_time_us() - t0)/1000.0, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);
 
@@ -7794,18 +7755,16 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f16_f32(
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
         ggml_fp16_t * const wdata = params->wdata;
 
-        float *d_X = NULL;
-        float *d_Y = NULL;
-        float *d_D = NULL;
         const float alpha = 1.0f;
         const float beta = 0.0f;
         const int x_ne = ne01 * ne10;
         const int y_ne = ne11 * ne10;
         const int d_ne = ne11 * ne01;
 
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_X), sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * x_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_Y), sizeof(float) * y_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_D), sizeof(float) * d_ne));
+        size_t x_size, y_size, d_size;
+        float *d_X = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * x_ne, &x_size);
+        float *d_Y = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * y_ne, &y_size);
+        float *d_D = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * d_ne, &d_size);
 #else
         float * const wdata = params->wdata;
 #endif
@@ -7839,12 +7798,12 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f16_f32(
                 float * d = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
 
                 // copy data to device
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_X, x, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * x_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, cudaStream));
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Y, y, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_X, x, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * x_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, g_cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Y, y, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, g_cudaStream));
 
                 // compute
                 CUBLAS_CHECK(
-                    cublasGemmEx(cublasH, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                    cublasGemmEx(g_cublasH, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                             ne01, ne11, ne10,
                             &alpha, d_X, CUDA_R_16F, ne00,
                                     d_Y, CUDA_R_16F, ne10,
@@ -7853,7 +7812,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f16_f32(
                             CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT));
 
                 // copy data to host
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d, d_D, sizeof(float) * d_ne, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d, d_D, sizeof(float) * d_ne, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, g_cudaStream));
 #else
                 const float * x = wdata;
                 const float * y = (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i02*nb12 + i03*nb13);
@@ -7871,10 +7830,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f16_f32(
         }
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(cudaStream));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_X));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_Y));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_D));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(g_cudaStream));
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_X, x_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_Y, y_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_D, d_size);
 #endif
         /*printf("CBLAS F16 = %f ms, %d x %d x %d x %d\n", (ggml_perf_time_us() - t0)/1000.0, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);*/
 
@@ -8042,20 +8001,17 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
         }
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-        float *d_X = NULL;
-        float *d_Y = NULL;
-        float *d_D = NULL;
-        float *d_Q = NULL;
         const float alpha = 1.0f;
         const float beta = 0.0f;
         const int x_ne = ne01 * ne10;
         const int y_ne = ne11 * ne10;
         const int d_ne = ne11 * ne01;
 
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_X), sizeof(float) * x_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_Y), sizeof(float) * y_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_D), sizeof(float) * d_ne));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc((void **)(&d_Q), GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type] * x_ne / GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type]));
+        size_t x_size, y_size, d_size, q_size;
+        float *d_X = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * x_ne, &x_size);
+        float *d_Y = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * y_ne, &y_size);
+        float *d_D = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float) * d_ne, &d_size);
+        float *d_Q = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type] * x_ne / GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type], &q_size);
 
         void (*dequantize_row_q_cuda)(const void * x, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream)  = NULL;
         if (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
@@ -8085,9 +8041,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
                 // copy and dequantize on device
                 CUDA_CHECK(
                     cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Q, (char *) src0->data + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02,
-                        GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type] * x_ne / GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type], cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, cudaStream));
+                        GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type] * x_ne / GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type], cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, g_cudaStream));
 
-                dequantize_row_q_cuda(d_Q, d_X, ne01 * ne00, cudaStream);
+                dequantize_row_q_cuda(d_Q, d_X, ne01 * ne00, g_cudaStream);
                 CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
 #else
                 {
@@ -8103,18 +8059,18 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
                 // copy data to device
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Y, y, sizeof(float) * y_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d_Y, y, sizeof(float) * y_ne, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, g_cudaStream));
 
                 // compute
                 CUBLAS_CHECK(
-                    cublasSgemm(cublasH, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                    cublasSgemm(g_cublasH, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                             ne01, ne11, ne10,
                             &alpha, d_X, ne00,
                                     d_Y, ne10,
                             &beta,  d_D, ne01));
 
                 // copy data to host
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d, d_D, sizeof(float) * d_ne, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, cudaStream));
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(d, d_D, sizeof(float) * d_ne, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, g_cudaStream));
 #else
                 // zT = y * xT
                 cblas_sgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans,
@@ -8127,11 +8083,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
         }
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(cudaStream));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_X));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_Y));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_D));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(d_Q));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(g_cudaStream));
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_X, x_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_Y, y_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_D, d_size);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(d_Q, q_size);
 #endif
         //printf("CBLAS = %f ms, %d x %d x %d x %d\n", (ggml_perf_time_us() - t0)/1000.0, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);