vulkan: Add bfloat16 support (llama/12554)

vulkan: Add bfloat16 support (llama/12554)

* vulkan: Add bfloat16 support

This adds bfloat16 matrix multiply support based on VK_KHR_shader_bfloat16.
The extension is required for coopmat multiply support, but matrix-vector
multiply trivially promotes bf16 to fp32 and doesn't require the extension.
The copy/get_rows shaders also don't require the extension.

It's probably possible to fall back to non-coopmat and promote to fp32 when
the extension isn't supported, but this change doesn't do that.

The coopmat support also requires a glslc that supports the extension, which
currently requires a custom build.

* vulkan: Support bf16 tensors without the bf16 extension or coopmat support

Compile a variant of the scalar mul_mm shader that will promote the bf16
values to float, and use that when either the bf16 extension or the coopmat
extensions aren't available.

* vulkan: bfloat16 fixes (really works without bfloat16 support now)

* vulkan: fix spirv-val failure and reenable -O