vulkan: Implement set_tensor_async and the event interfaces (#18047)

vulkan: Implement set_tensor_async and the event interfaces (#18047)

The goal is to enable the async loading code paths in
llama_model_loader::load_all_data, originally from #7896. This works and the
loads themselves are faster, but with host visible vidmem I think the cost of
allocating/mapping vidmem moves and becomes more expensive, and I don't see a
benefit by default. But with GGML_VK_DISABLE_HOST_VISIBLE_VIDMEM=1 I do see a
significant improvement in model loading time.